Microbicide
Products Enter Human Trials
Scientists are evaluating more than 50 experimental substances as
possible vaginal microbicides to protect against HIV and other
diseases. Experimental
microbicides in or nearing human trials use a variety of
mechanisms. Microbicide
research faces challenges, including how to determine
effectiveness. Meanwhile, research is also examining the possible use
of commercially available spermicides
as microbicides.
How
Effective Are Spermicides?
While spermicides appeal to some women, users should not expect
substantial protection against pregnancy or sexually transmitted
diseases. Nevertheless, they are often available without a
prescription or provider's help, and using them is easy and can
sometimes be done without a partner's knowledge.
New
Devices May Be Easier to Use
Future versions of cervical caps and diaphragms should be easier to
insert and remove. Development of new contraceptive sponges seeks to
reduce vaginal irritation by lowering spermicide doses.
Female
Condom Reuse Examined
If a female condom can be used safely and effectively more than
once, the method would be less expensive for people to use. Early
research by FHI and University of the Witwatersrand in Soweto, South
Africa, on reuse is encouraging. Meanwhile, a recent Zimbabwe
project promotes female condom use, illustrating the limitations
of generating widespread public interest in the device.
User,
Partner Attitudes Influence Barrier Use
At a time when AIDS has become a devastating public health problem,
the role of female barrier methods to prevent sexually transmitted
diseases has taken on new importance. Scientists are examining how and
why couples use barrier methods, and what they like or do not like
about them. Promoting
partner communication among users is one aspect of how barrier
methods can be used more effectively.
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