Loss of sensation, inability to maintain an erection, discomfort and interruption of
foreplay are among major reasons people cite for not using condoms. Attributes of the
condom itself might address some of these concerns.
For example, research has shown that consumers prefer lubricated condoms, which can
reduce discomfort and make them easier to use, and most condoms are now pre-lubricated.1 Changes in condom shape and thickness might also help address
some users' problems. However, research has generally found that different materials,
widths and latex formulations result in little change in consumer preference.
Only a few studies have examined acceptability of condoms according to thickness.
"Results suggest that many men prefer thinner condoms," says Alan Spruyt, FHI
senior research analyst who has studied condom acceptability. "But more research is
needed on this issue."
Studies have also examined whether condoms of various widths and latex formulation
might improve condom acceptability. The results did not suggest that most people would
consistently choose a wider or narrower condom width over a standard condom.
In other research, participants compared a standard latex condom with an experimental
latex condom that fits loosely over the tip of the penis, a design intended to be more
pleasant for men. Despite being thicker, men reported the experimental condom was at least
as pleasurable and comfortable as the standard condom.2
Developers of non-latex condoms are attempting to address shortcomings of latex
condoms. Synthetic condoms may seem more natural because these materials allow the
transfer of more body heat between partners than does latex. Also, they do not usually
have an odor as does latex and do not deteriorate with the use of oil-based lubricants as
does latex.
In a U.S. study among 800 couples using both latex and polyurethane condoms, men
reported the latex condom was easier to put on but resulted in more frequent penile
constriction than a polyurethane condom.3 In a similar study
among 360 couples, participants reported more difficulty unrolling the polyurethane condom
but more problems with penile constriction with the latex condoms. Both men and women said
the polyurethane condom broke and stretched out of shape more often, while the latex
condom allowed less stimulation. Polyurethane condoms received better ratings for
sensitivity, odor and overall lubricant preference, while latex condoms were given higher
ratings for fit and dependability.4 Currently, one synthetic
male condom is available in the United States and four European countries, sold under the
brand name Avanti.
-- William R. Finger
References
- Steiner M, Piedrahita C, Glover L, et al. The impact of
lubricants on latex condoms during vaginal intercourse. Int J STD AIDS 1994;
5(1):29-36.
- Trussell J, Warner DL, Hatcher RA. Condom slippage and
breakage rates. Fam Plann Perspect 1992;24(1):20-23.
- Nelson A, Bernstein GS, Frezieres R, et al. Study of the
efficacy, acceptability and safety of a non-latex (polyurethane) male condom - final
report, NIH contract NO1-HD-1-3109. Unpublished paper. National Institutes of Health,
1997.
- Nelson A, Frezieres R, Walsh T, et al. Controlled,
randomized evaluation of a commercially available polyurethane and latex condom (Avanti
versus Ramses Sensitol) - final report, NIH contract NO1-HD-1-3109. Unpublished paper.
National Institutes of Health, 1996.
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