Slide 4
North America: 890,000
Caribbean: 330,000
Latin America: 1.4 million
Western Europe: 500,000
Eastern Europe and Central Asia: 270,000
North Africa and the Middle East: 210,000
Sub-Saharan Africa: 22.5 million
East Asia and the Pacific: 560,000
South and South East Asia: 6.7 million
Australia and New Zealand: 12,000
Slide
9
Type of Exposure: Exposures to blood, fluid containing
visible blood and other potentially infectious fluids (e.g., semen, amniotic fluid) that
go through a skin break or mucous membrane have the highest risk. In addition, deep
penetration from a large gauge needle is more risky than with a solid needle, such as a
suture needle, or a superficial scratch.
Amount of Blood: A drop of blood is less risk than many
drops, a large splash or exposure for several minutes. Amount of Virus: Source patients in
advanced stages of disease are more likely to transmit the virus than patients who do not
have symptoms with high CD4 counts.
Post Exposure Treatment: Post exposure prophylaxis
provided within 24-36 hours is believed to be the most effective based on animal studies,
however, the time after which there is no benefit in humans is not known. It is, however,
recommended that prophylaxis be given even after 36 hours if the exposure is high-risk
because early treatment may be beneficial.
Source: Centers for Disease Control. 1998. Public Health Service
Guidelines for the Management of Health-Care Worker Exposures to HIV and Recommendations
for Postexposure Prophylaxis. MMWR: 47(RR-7): 1-28.
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24
Condoms are made from both synthetic and natural products. Only condoms
made from latex and vinyl have been shown to provide protection against HIV transmission.
Slide 25
Use personal protective equipment such as gloves, masks, goggles or face
shields, long sleeve gowns, aprons, or rubber boots to protect yourself during labor.
Slide
26
The US Centers for Disease Control considers exposure to be high risk if
the injury to the healthcare worker is deep, there is visible blood on the device causing
injury, the injury was caused by a device previously placed in the client’s vein or
artery, or the source patient died as a result of AIDS within 60 days of exposure.
Before initiating treatment with antiviral agents, the individual should
know that knowledge about the efficacy and toxicity of treatment and potential side
effects of treatment is limited.
